Steel panel radiators are a competitor to conventional sectional type heaters. They are attractive in that compared to all sectional models with smaller dimensions they have a higher heat transfer coefficient. They consist of panels in which the coolant moves along the formed passages. There can be several panels: one, two or three. The second component is corrugated metal plates, which are called fins. It is due to these plates that a high level of heat transfer of these devices is achieved.

To obtain different thermal power, panels and fins are combined in several versions. Each option has a different power. To choose the right size and power, you need to know what each of them is. By structure, steel panel batteries are of the following types:

• Type 33 - three-panel. The most powerful class, but also the most overall. It has three panels, to which three finning plates are connected (which is why it is designated 33).
• Type 22 - two-panel with two fins.
• Type 21. Two panels and between them one plate with corrugated metal. These heaters, with equal dimensions, have a lower power compared to type 22.
• Type 11. Single panel steel radiators with one finned plate. They have even less thermal power, but also less weight and dimensions.
• Type 10. This type has only one heating medium panel. These are the smallest and lightest models.

All these types can have different heights and lengths. Obviously, the power of panel radiators depends on both the type and dimensions. Since it is impossible to calculate this parameter on their own, each manufacturer compiles tables in which he enters the test results. According to these tables, radiators are selected for each room.

We determine the power

The power of steel panel radiators must be determined based on the heat loss of the room in which they will be installed. For apartments located in standard houses, one can proceed from the norms of SNiP, which normalize the required amount of heat per 1 m 3 of the heated area:

• Premises in brick buildings require 34W per 1m 3.
• For panel houses, 1m 3 takes 41W.

Based on these standards, determine how much heat is required to heat each of the rooms.

For example, a room in a panel house is 3.2m * 3.5m, the ceiling height is 3m. Let's calculate the volume 3.2 * 3.5 * 3 \u003d 33.6 m 3. Multiplying by the norm according to SNiP for panel houses, we get: 33.6 * 41 \u003d 1377.6 W.

SNiPa norms are indicated for the average climatic zone. For the rest, there are corresponding coefficients depending on the average temperatures in winter:

• -10 o C and above - 0.7
• -15 o C - 0.9
• -20 o C - 1.1
• -25 o C - 1.3
• -30 o C - 1.5

It is also necessary to correct heat losses depending on the number of external walls, because it is clear that the more such walls, the more heat escapes through them. Therefore, we take them into account: if one wall goes out, the coefficient is 1.1, if two - we multiply by 1.2, if three, then we increase by 1.3.

Let's make adjustments for our example. Let the average winter temperatures in the region be -25 o C, there are two outer walls. It turns out: 1378W * 1.3 * 1.2 \u003d 2149.68W, rounding up 2150W.

Let's use this number as an example. Provided that the insulation of the house and windows is average, the figure found is quite accurate.

Calculation of Kermi radiators

Before determining the power, you need to decide on the brand of steel panel batteries. Naturally, leaders can be trusted. Almost out of competition today are German steel radiators Kermi. So we calculate the power according to the tables of this manufacturer.

Let them decide to install one of the new Kermi Therm X2 Plan models. According to the table, which shows the power of all available models, we find the appropriate values. You should not look for an exact match, look for a value that is slightly larger than the calculated one (in heating engineering it is better to have at least a small margin “just in case”). In the table, the options suitable for our case are marked with red squares. Let the height of 505mm be more acceptable for us (indicated at the top of the table). More than others are attracted by shorter (1005 mm) type 33 panel radiators. If you need even shorter ones, you can pay attention to models with a height of 605mm.

Table for calculating the thermal output of Kermi steel radiators (click to enlarge)

Recalculation of the power of panel radiators depending on the temperature regime

But the values ​​in this table are valid for a system with parameters 75/65/20 (supply temperature 70 ° C, return temperature 65 ° C, 20 ° C is maintained in the room). From these values, the temperature delta is calculated: (75 + 65) / 2-20 \u003d 50 ° C.

If your system parameters are different, recalculation is required. For such cases, Kermi compiled a table with correction factors.

Conversion table depending on the temperatures of the heating system (click to enlarge)

Let a low-temperature system with parameters 60/50/22 be assumed (supply temperature 60 ° C, return temperature 50 ° C, 22 ° C is maintained in the room). We consider the temperature delta: (60 + 50) / 2-22 \u003d 33 ° C. We find in the table a line with the temperature of the conducted water, then with the temperature of the discharged water and we reach the temperature in the room (22 ° C in our case). In this cell there is a coefficient of 1.73 (marked in green).

We multiply the calculated amount of heat loss for our room by it: 2150W * 1.73 = 3719.5W. Now we are looking for suitable options in the power table for this case (marked in green). The choice is more modest, but radiators are also required much more powerful.

Here is the whole methodology for determining the power of panel radiators. According to it, you can choose steel panel batteries for any room and any system.

Results

To calculate the power of panel radiators, you need to know the heat loss of the room, the company whose products you want to buy, and the parameters of your heating system (supply, return and room temperature). From this data in the capacity tables, you can determine the models that meet your conditions. Then from these options choose the one that is more suitable for the parameters (height / length / depth). That's the whole technique.

The problem of heating in our latitudes is much more acute than, for example, in Europe, with its mild climate and warm winters. In Russia, a significant part of the territory is under the rule of winter for up to 9 months a year. Therefore, it is very important to pay sufficient attention to the choice of heating systems and, in particular, to the calculation of the power of heating radiators.

Unlike, where only the area is taken into account, the calculation of the power of heating radiators is carried out according to a different scheme. In this case, you should also take into account the height of the ceilings, that is, the total volume of the room in which it is planned to install or replace the heating system. However, do not be afraid, because in the end the whole calculation is based on elementary formulas, which will not be difficult to cope with. Radiators will heat the room due to convection, that is, air circulation in the room. The heated air rises and displaces the cold air. So in this article you will get almost the simplest calculation of the power of heating radiators

For example, let's take a room with an area of ​​​​15 square meters and with ceilings 3 meters high. Thus, the volume of air to be heated by our future heating system will be:

V=15x3=45 cubic meters

Next, we consider the power that will be required to heat a room of a given volume. In our case, 45 cubic meters. To do this, it is necessary to multiply the volume of the room by the power required to heat one cubic meter of air in a given region. For Asia, the Caucasus, this is 45 watts, for the middle lane 50 watts, for the north about 60 watts. As an example, take a power of 45W and then we get:

45 × 45 = 2025 W - the power required to heat a room with a cubic capacity of 45 meters

Choosing a radiator based on the calculation

Steel radiators

Let's leave out the comparison of different types of heating radiators and note only the nuances that you need to be aware of when choosing a radiator for your heating system.

In the case of calculating the power of steel heating radiators, everything is simple. There is the necessary power for the already known premises - 2025 watts. In this case, we look at the table and look for steel batteries that produce the required number of watts. Such tables are easy to find on the websites of manufacturers and sellers of similar products.

Here is an example of such a table:

The table indicates the type of radiator, in this example we will take type 22, as one of the most popular and quite worthy in terms of its consumer qualities. And a 600×1400 radiator is perfect for us. The power of the heating radiator will be 2015 watts. But it's better to take a little more than a little less power

Aluminum and bimetal radiators

In this case, there is one important difference in calculating the power of radiators. Aluminum and bimetallic radiators are often sold in sections. And the power in the tables and catalogs is indicated for one section. Then it is necessary to divide the power required to heat a given room by the power of one section of such a radiator, for example:

2025/150 = 14 (rounded up)

And we got the required number of sections of such a radiator for a room with a volume of 45 cubic meters.

Don't overdo it!

It should also be noted that 14-15 sections for one radiator is the maximum. Installing radiators of 20 or more sections is inefficient. In this case, you should divide the number of sections in half and install 2 radiators of 10 sections. For example, put 1 radiator near the window, and the other near the entrance to the room or on the opposite wall. In general, at your discretion.

With steel radiators the same story. If the room is large enough and the radiator comes out too big, it's better to put two smaller ones, but the same total power.

If there are 2 or more windows in a room of the same volume, then a good solution would be to install a radiator under each of the windows. In the case of sectional radiators, everything is quite simple.

14/2=7 sections under each window for a room of the same volume

But, since such radiators are usually sold in 10 sections, it is better to take an even number, for example 8. A stock of 1 section will not be superfluous in case of severe frosts. The power from this will not change much, however, the inertia of heating the radiators will decrease. This can be useful if cold air enters the room frequently. For example, if it is an office space that customers often visit. In such cases, radiators will heat the air a little faster.

What to do after the calculation?

After calculating the power of the heating radiators of all rooms, it will be necessary to select a pipeline by diameter, taps. Number of radiators, pipe length, number of radiator taps. Calculate the volume of the entire system and choose a suitable boiler for it.

For a person, the house is often associated with warmth and comfort. And in order for the house to be warm, it is necessary to pay due attention to its heating system. Modern manufacturers use the latest technology to produce various elements of heating systems. However, without proper planning of such a system, for certain premises, these technologies may be useless.

Despite the emergence of new types of appliances, steel radiators remain attractive to many users. We will carefully study their advantages and disadvantages, as well as give examples of their correct application. In addition, we present an algorithm of actions that will help anyone quickly and accurately calculate the parameters of a radiator for a particular room.

Technical characteristics of steel radiators

Older models of radiators of this type were a pipe to which plates were welded vertically. To improve the aesthetic parameters, such a structure was covered with a tin box. Today, such solutions are rarely used. More often, the structure is created from two steel plates in which channel profiles are created by stamping. They are welded, covered on top with protective and decorative layers.

It is important for the average consumer to know which similar products he can use in order for the calculation to be accurate. That is why we use comparative specifications below. at first We list the advantages of steel radiators:

• Fast heating and good thermal conductivity. These parameters confirm the suitability for the installation of such batteries in automated heating systems that regulate the operation of the boiler depending on the readings of several temperature sensors.
• Good compatibility with different metals. These devices can be connected to copper and other pipelines without restrictions.
• Ease of one section. With a power of 100 W, the product will weigh no more than one and a half kg.
• Its small size is also advantageous. It will not be difficult to find a suitable place for installation.
• Small internal volume. It will come in handy in a private house, where a prudent owner accurately calculates the amount of coolant he needs.
• Not high cost.

To maintain objectivity, here is a list of restrictions:

• Relatively small sizes of working channels. In some cases, mechanical impurities can get stuck in them.
• Low resistance to oxidative chemical reactions.
• Low mechanical strength of joints and relatively low resistance to water hammer.
• The integrity of the structure. In such devices, it is impossible to change the dimensions by adding or detaching a section. Thus, the possibility of making an accurate calculation, taking into account the size of the area and the height of a certain room, is reduced.

This table provides data for a general comparison with other types of radiators:

Parameters / type of heater	cast iron	Aluminum	Bimetallic	Steel
Pressure in the heat main (max.), Bar.
Section power (comparable solid product), W
Permissible heat carrier temperature (max.), gr. Celsius

Calculation of heating batteries made of steel

Here is a simple algorithm that will help you independently calculate how much power the metal sections will need to heat a room of a certain area:

• Suppose that the dimensions of the room are as follows (length X width X height) in meters: 5 X 3 X 2.8. Its volume will be: 5 * 3 * 2.8 \u003d 42 cubic meters.
• If energy-saving technologies are not used (special wall insulation, multi-chamber double-glazed windows, etc.), then according to current standards, per 1 cubic meter. m. living space with windows to the south will be enough 40 watts. This figure is suitable for calculating the heating system of a house located in the middle climatic zone of Russia, for example, in the Moscow region. To work with a room of this area, you will need the following total thermal power of the section: 42 * 40 \u003d 1680 W.
• In order not to experience difficulties in severe frosts, it is better to increase the nominal value to 20%. Total: 1680*1.2=2016. In the model range of the manufacturer, we find a product suitable for rounding in terms of power - 2.0 kW.

On some specialized sites of sellers and manufacturers of radiators, a similar section calculation can be performed automatically. To do this, it is proposed to fill out a table or form on the following points:

• room dimensions (area and height);
• building type;
• residential/technical premises;
• type of boiler or other heat source;
• the number of external walls;
• the presence / absence of double-glazed windows;
• the internal temperature level that the user prefers.

Application features and increase in heating efficiency

Low battery inertia steel allows you to successfully use these devices in modern individual heating systems. Such equipment is complemented by sensors that monitor the temperature of the air and coolant at different points. Depending on the received data, a decision to change the settings is promptly made. As a result, the level of comfort required by the user is created and maintained without unnecessary expenditure of energy resources.

Accurately dimensioned batteries, the characteristics of one section will come in handy in any case. But, if work on warming the house is not done, then all the efforts will be in vain. Corresponding losses through walls and defects in window openings will destroy all theoretical benefits. That is why, at the stage of choosing suitable radiators, it is necessary to check and eliminate insulation shortcomings, technical imperfections of boilers and other heating equipment.

The power of steel radiators indicated in the technical data sheet are indicative data. These opportunities will not always be fully utilized. If you make a side connection of the device, then the losses can be up to 8-10%. The bottom connection is even less efficient. In this case, the deterioration of the standard indicator can reach 18-20%. Meanwhile, if it is permissible to lay pipes only in a screed, then the latter option will have to be used. To completely fill the batteries, you can try to increase the pressure in the system using a special pump that provides forced circulation of the coolant.

The given data confirm that each calculation of the heating project must be carried out individually. It will be necessary to take into account the features of the following components: equipment, building, operating mode.

The calculation of the number of radiators or a specific calculation for heat sources is associated with the maximum heat loss of the room. Based on this value, the calculation of a steel heating radiator by area is focused on the heaters themselves and their location in order to correctly compensate for the heat level.

Several methods. And the simplest of them will give relative results. In most cases, this is sufficient.

steel radiator for home

This is one of the easiest ways to calculate a specific value for heating, more precisely for compensation. Calculate the value, starting from the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe apartment or house where they plan to install radiators. Nothing complicated: the area of ​​\u200b\u200beach of the rooms is known in advance, and the specific value for heat consumption is determined by SNiPs:

1. The average climatic zone for a dwelling implies heating 1 square meter at 70-100 watts.
2. Where the temperature falls below 60 degrees Celsius, it is necessary to spend from 150 to 220 watts per meter.

Note! It is easy to calculate heating radiators according to these standards or using a calculator.

But they also take into account power reserves, which cannot be dispensed with. A large overrun is not welcome, because with a large amount of final power, the number of radiators in the room increases. When the apartment is connected to the central heating lines, then any overrun is not critical, because each user pays a fixed cost.

However, with individual heating, everything is serious, because any overspending is a payment for the heat carriers themselves and their work. Paying more is stupid, especially since the set temperature is usually not maintained accurately.

Having calculated the exact need for square meters on the calculator, it is easy to find out how many sections to buy. Because any heating device emits a specific amount of heat. These data are registered in the passport. They do this: they calculate a specific figure for heat and divide by the power of the radiators. The result of this calculation gives a figure for the number of purchased sections to restore heat loss in winter.

Let's look at a simple example: let's say that only 1600 watts are needed, with an area of ​​\u200b\u200beach section of 170 watts. We do this: we divide the total values ​​\u200b\u200bin 1600 by 170. It turns out that you need to buy 9.5 radiators. Rounding can be done in any direction, this is at the discretion of the owner. Usually rounded down in those rooms where there are additional heat sources, for example, in kitchens. And in the big direction they count on rooms with balconies or large windows. They also practice some margin of power next to bare walls or in corner rooms.

Nothing complicated, but remember about the height of the ceilings - this value is not always standard. The building material of the same windows or walls also affects. Therefore, the calculation of heating radiators by area for any room is usually approximate. It is more convenient to use a calculator that takes into account adjustments for specific building materials and area features.

Do I need to adjust the preliminary calculations?

Approximate calculations necessarily require adjustments. This is necessary to obtain concrete results, taking into account all factors. The latter have an effect on heat loss in a smaller or larger direction:

• wall material;
• the quality of the insulation;
• window areas and their glazing;
• the number of walls facing the street.

To take into account all these factors, coefficients have been invented that are clearly written in good calculators. They are simply multiplied among themselves, more precisely, they align the initial value according to the heat loss of the building.

Heat loss in %

Let's start with windows. As a rule, it is these components that consume from 14 to 30% of heat loss. The exact figures are related to the size and actual insulation. And if so, then the calculation is based on two coefficients:

1. Window area to floor area:

• 10% odds 0.8
• 20% odds 0.9
• 30% odds 1.0
• 40% odds 1.1
• 50% odds 1.2

1. For glazing:

• Three-chamber double-glazed windows multiplied by 0.85
• Double glazing multiplied by 1.0
• Wooden double frames are best multiplied by 1.27 or 1.3

For walls and roofing consider the degree of material and insulation. It turns out that there are also two quantities for calculation:

Thermal insulation.

• A brick wall of standard thickness is the norm. The coefficient is equal to one.
• Walls of insufficient thickness are multiplied by 1.27.
• Good walls with a layer of insulation of 10 centimeters or more are multiplied by 0.8.

Outer wall:

• Indoor spaces without heat loss are multiplied by one.
• One for the entire area is multiplied by 1.1.
• Two for the entire area multiplied by 1.2.
• And so on.

More about calculations of steel radiators

The steel panel radiator is a relatively new appliance for space heating. A distinctive feature is that it is steel structures that are smaller in size, and the heat transfer coefficient is much higher. Moreover, the system may consist of several panels made of corrugated metal (fins). It turns out that the panels (and there can be 1, 2 or 3 of them) are plates that pass the coolant inside the system.

To calculate the power precisely by area, you need to know the types of steel radiators. There are 5 in total. Let's start with the most powerful:

1. Three-panel. Significant dimensions due to three panels to which the fins are attached (designation 33).
2. Two-panel. They already have two plates (designation 22).
3. Double-panel with one plate (designation 21).
4. Single panel radiator also with single fins. Weak power, low weight and the same dimensions (designation 11).
5. Panel and coolant (designation 10).

Types of steel radiators

It is easier to determine the power for such types of devices by area, but not a square meter, but a cubic meter is taken into account. According to SNiP, the data is as follows:

1. A brickwork room per 1 cubic meter requires 34 watts.
2. A panel house for 1 cubic meter already requires 41 watts.

Panel house with dimensions of 3.2 by 3.5 meters, where the ceilings are exactly 3 meters. We calculate according to the formula 3.2, multiply by 3.5, we get 33.6 cubic meters. And we already multiply this value by the norms for a panel house (41). We get 1378 watts.

For a more accurate calculation, they already use a calculator, into which they enter into the above (approximate) value and data on the characteristics of the climate and the building itself.

About other factors affecting the calculation

Any manufacturer of steel radiators always indicates their maximum power. Here's what it looks like:

1. High temperature mode. The coolant itself is heated to 90 degrees Celsius.
2. processing mode. The maximum is 70 degrees Celsius (value 90/70).

In practice, any heating systems are not heated to the maximum, and the actual temperature regime or power has the following parameters:

1. 75.65.20
2. 55.45.20

For a competent calculation, it is desirable to know the temperature differences of the system itself. More specifically, they calculate the difference between the heater and the air temperature. Where the degrees of the heaters themselves are taken as the arithmetic average from supply to processing.

Even when planning or calculating for radiators, the connection of the liquid supply is taken into account. In practice, there are only 2 types:

• Unilateral. Works at maximum with the top feed (97%).
• Bilateral. Also, maximum heat transfer at the top connection (100%).

Results

Finding or choosing a specific radiator is not so difficult. It is much more difficult to make the correct calculation, focusing on the type of connection, the correct arrangement of devices. Plus, they always use a calculator where you need to enter the features of your building or a new apartment.